Every year on March 24th, the world observes World Tuberculosis (TB) Day to raise awareness about the disease’s impact and the need for intensified global efforts to eliminate it. The date commemorates Dr. Robert Koch’s discovery of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium in 1882, which paved the way for the diagnosis and treatment of TB. Despite being preventable and curable, tuberculosis remains one of the deadliest infectious diseases globally
Introduction
TB is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the lungs but can also target other organs. It spreads through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes, making it a major global health concern. While TB is curable and preventable, it remains one of the world’s deadliest infectious diseases, claiming around 1.6 million lives annually- World Health Organization (WHO).
Kenya remains among the 30 high-burden TB countries globally, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). The country recorded approximately 77,000 new TB cases in 2023, with a prevalence rate of 259 per 100,000 people. TB is more common among men, who account for 62% of cases, while women constitute 38%. The high burden is attributed to factors such as poverty, overcrowding, and co-infections like HIV/AIDS.
Susceptible Populations
- People living with HIV/AIDS
- Children under five years
- Prisoners and people in overcrowded settings- schools, correctional facilities
- Healthcare workers
- Malnourished individuals and people with diabetes
Signs and Symptoms of TB
Tuberculosis primarily affects the lungs (pulmonary TB) but can also spread to other organs ( extrapulmonary TB). Common symptoms include:
- Persistent cough lasting more than two weeks
- Coughing up blood or phlegm
- Unexplained weight loss
- Night sweats
- Fever and chills
- Fatigue and weakness
- Loss of appetite
Screening and Diagnosis
- GeneXpert tests
- Sputum smear microscopy
- Chest X-rays
- Tuberculin skin test (Mantoux test) mainly for latent TB detection.
TB Prevention
Preventing TB involves a combination of medical interventions and public health measures, including:
- BCG Vaccination- Administered to infants
- Early diagnosis and treatment
- Wearing masks, ensuring good ventilation, and proper hygiene in crowded places
- Nutritional support and improved living conditions
- Civic education
As we mark this day, it reminds us that while tuberculosis remains a global threat, it is preventable and curable. With commitment and collaboration, we can achieve the goal of ending TB in our lifetime. The fight against TB requires awareness, action, and investment—because Yes! We Can End TB.
Compiled by: Heri Manyara Email: herimanyara95@gmail.com